Document Type : research
Author
Level 3, Khorasan Seminary; and Teacher of the Fiqh al-Iqtisad (Jurisprudence of Economics) Circle at the Higher School of Jurisprudence, Mashhad, Iran.
Abstract
In the distribution of income among the factors of production, capitalist economics and Marxism have provided criteria. Neoclassicals consider the discussion of supply and demand in the free market as the criterion for income distribution and its legitimacy, and Marxism emphasizes work. The necessity of this discussion in Islamic economics is that discovering the criterion for the legitimacy of income from the perspective of Islam allows us to express a systematic opinion about the largest financial institutions, namely banks and stock exchanges, and prevents opinions based on taste and without basis.
What is the criterion for the legitimacy of income from the perspective of Islam? Among Shiite thinkers, Martyr Sadr clearly addressed this debate and emphasized "work" as the exclusive criterion for the legitimacy of income. Considering these points, analyzing what the criterion or criteria for the legitimacy of income are in Islamic jurisprudence is one of the most important topics in Islamic economics.
With the studies conducted in the jurisprudential texts on the discussion of Mudarabah al-Sani, this article, using an analytical-descriptive method and using library resources, has shown that in Mudarabah al-Sani, the discussion is not transparent in terms of validity, and to discover the criterion of income legitimacy in Mudarabah al-Sani, we need to expand the discussion to Muzara'ah. Finally, this article would like to introduce the criterion of "indirect risky work" as a criterion for income legitimacy.
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