Davood Aqajanlu; S.M. Kazem Rajaei Ramsheh
Abstract
The meaning of the biography (Sīrah, method) of the infallible leaders refer to relatively fixed lifestyles and disciplined behaviors or policies that can be deduced from their performance in their personal, social, and governance lives. Fortunately, by the efforts of historians and biographers, the ...
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The meaning of the biography (Sīrah, method) of the infallible leaders refer to relatively fixed lifestyles and disciplined behaviors or policies that can be deduced from their performance in their personal, social, and governance lives. Fortunately, by the efforts of historians and biographers, the huge capital (fund) of the lifestyle and economic life of the infallible (al-Maʿṣūm) leaders is available to us and their proper presentation and specialized analysis can lead to problem solving, economic growth and improvement of life. This research, written by analytical-descriptive method, is an attempt to discover and explain the continuous methods of infallibles’ income earning. The research findings show that the main activities of the infallible leaders were agriculture, animal husbandry, trade and service sales. Infallible leaders engaged in economic activity that resulted in the production of good and productive. Inheritance, endowments, gifts and presents (Tuhaf) are other sources of income for the leaders of the Infallibles.
Sayyed Ali Naqi ayazi
Abstract
Actions based on benevolence and altruism are considered to be one of the strengths of man in religious culture and the contents of various verses confirm this kind of attitude. As nothing after performing (conducting) the obligations such as goodness and serving God’s servants, causes the human ...
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Actions based on benevolence and altruism are considered to be one of the strengths of man in religious culture and the contents of various verses confirm this kind of attitude. As nothing after performing (conducting) the obligations such as goodness and serving God’s servants, causes the human being to approach (nearness to) God, Comprehensive purpose of supportive actions and its functions are also expressed in this group of verses. This study intends to use the qualitative method of inductive content analysis to examine the function of the normative system of non-governmental supportive actions based on the comprehensive purpose and answer the following questions: what are the procedures of supportive actions based on Quranic teachings? What groups and social classes are the goals of supportive actions? What are the functions of these actions? The procedure of supporting actions of infāq (Arabic: إنفاق , literally disbursement), ihsan (Arabic: إحسان , ʾiḥsān, literally “beautification”, “perfection” or “excellence”), charity (Arabic: صدقة , ṣadaqah, benevolence), Qarz al-Hasna (Arabic: القرض الحسن , benevolent lending), khums (literally ‘one fifth’) and zakat (zakāh that which purifies wealth) was examined and the common chapter of the functions of supporting actions of Quranic teachings is economic growth, forgiveness and separation from deviance, preventing the polarization of societies and creating cohesion and solidarity, kindness (benevolence) to oneself and receiving better reward, purification of the soul and psyche from iniquity were identified.
Saeed Iranmanesh; norallah salehi; fateme nazari robati
Abstract
Today, one of the most important concerns of economic schools and governments is achieving economic growth and development. In order to achieve these goals, the economic schools and intellectuals of each society have designed models of economic development and progress (growth) according to their own ...
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Today, one of the most important concerns of economic schools and governments is achieving economic growth and development. In order to achieve these goals, the economic schools and intellectuals of each society have designed models of economic development and progress (growth) according to their own ideology and in accordance with the needs and conditions of the society. In order for this model of economic growth, which is based on the Book of God (Holy Quran) and reason and is the result of rational processing of the revelatory and narrated data of this great authority (Excellent Marji', Arabic: مرجع , transliteration: marjiʿ, literally meaning “source to follow” or “religious reference”), to be actualized, first, it is necessary to explain and interpret this concept correctly and to determine its various dimensions. By analyzing the words of Ayatollah Javadi-Amoli and using the data theorizing method of the foundation, while extracting the conceptual model of his speech about the dimensions and features of this model of economic development (growth) in this research, an attempt has been made to examine the dimensions and components and finally, this model of economic development should be explained.
Behzad Babazadeh Khorasani
Abstract
Islamic financing system as an alternative to the current financial system by eliminating usury (ribā) offers alternative contracts including benevolent lending (Qardh al-hasan), contracts of exchanging and partnership contracts to solve the problem of financing in different situations. The economic ...
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Islamic financing system as an alternative to the current financial system by eliminating usury (ribā) offers alternative contracts including benevolent lending (Qardh al-hasan), contracts of exchanging and partnership contracts to solve the problem of financing in different situations. The economic literature also introduces two general categories of partnership-based procedures and debt-based as financing structures and various studies have been presented to justify the optimal debt (optimality of debt) procedure. Exchange contracts are also based on debt structure among Islamic contracts. In this article, while examining the mentioned literature and counting (considering, including) the difference between usury contracts and Islamic literature, a theoretical model based on game theory is presented with the expansion of previous studies, which in terms of the cost of contract can compare different Islamic exchange contracts with each other and with usury. In fact, its purpose is the possibility of detail between different debt creation structures and their comparison. Based on the result of this model, exchange contracts in which the ownership structure is such that the ownership of the underlying asset is at the disposal of the financier at the beginning of the contract and after fulfilling the obligations of the receiver, the property funds are transferred to him and they have priority over usurious contracts and other exchange contracts and are optimal.
sayd reza hosiani; majeed kafiy; abdul hamed sabet; abdul khaleq karimi
Abstract
Achieving the economic goals of society requires the institutionalization of desirable economic behaviors. But what are the executive factors of this institutionalization and what strategies and methods are available for them is a question that needs to be answered. The purpose of this article is to ...
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Achieving the economic goals of society requires the institutionalization of desirable economic behaviors. But what are the executive factors of this institutionalization and what strategies and methods are available for them is a question that needs to be answered. The purpose of this article is to find the answer to this question. The article at first is based on structuration theory emphasizes on two main categories of factors; deciding factor and structure/ institutions and then explores and presents strategies and methods related to these factors by using the logical model of “Frankena” and referring to Quranic and hadith texts. In this regard, based on the role of agency in foster a culture (creating a culture), modeling strategies and correction (rectification) of economic anomalies for the economic factor and based on the role of structure/ institutions in foster a culture (creating a culture), economic pedagogical and educational strategies, information and propaganda of desirable economic behavior and based on common role agency (deciding factor) and structure/ institutions, reform strategy and socio-economic supervision have been extracted and a total of 17 methods have been proposed to implement these strategies
Mohammad Javad Rezaei; Mahdi Movahedi
Abstract
Two important presuppositions that deny the existence of “Islamic economics” are discussed in this article and its positive (affirmative) implications are specified; presuppositions about the “ethical” and “functional” dimensions of economics; The first presupposition ...
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Two important presuppositions that deny the existence of “Islamic economics” are discussed in this article and its positive (affirmative) implications are specified; presuppositions about the “ethical” and “functional” dimensions of economics; The first presupposition is that economic research and analysis merely expresses the relationships between economic variables and phenomena and are essentially in the realm of beings (existential affairs). The function of “economics” in society is different from the function of “religion” according to the second presupposition. In this article, an attempt has been made to examine these presuppositions with careful analytical-philosophical theories about the nature of “economics”, but, based on the opinions of some economists and in accordance with the subject documented by teachings and perceptions based on Islamic sources. Finally, in line with the critical issues presented in this paper, the opinion expressed on the nature of “Islamic economics” is presented.
Zahra Sadat Sarkeshikian; Esmat al-Sadat Tabatabaei Lotfi
Abstract
One of the fundamental rights of the consumer, which has been approved dispersedly in jurisprudential issues is the right of choice, but it has not developed legally in Iran. This right shapes the aggregate demand (total demand) in the market of goods and services, and the support of it leads to beneficial ...
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One of the fundamental rights of the consumer, which has been approved dispersedly in jurisprudential issues is the right of choice, but it has not developed legally in Iran. This right shapes the aggregate demand (total demand) in the market of goods and services, and the support of it leads to beneficial competition among suppliers of goods and services to provide better products and ultimately leads to the security and prosperity of the national economy; therefore, in this research, for the first time, the principles and rules of jurisprudence guaranteeing the Consumers’ right choice have been studied and analyzed in three levels, which are: A- Guaranteeing the right of choice based on business etiquette; B- Guaranteeing the right of choice through the terms of the transaction; C- Special jurisprudential measures in guaranteeing the exercise of the right of choice based on options, rules of guaranteeing (liability) and the institution of probate. These principles can pave the way for the development of legal issues and ultimately the achievement of a secure and dynamic economy in the country.
Ahmad Reza Shahsanaei; Alireza Zakizadeh Ranani; Ali Khalili
Abstract
How can we have a better understanding of the content of the economic thought of Islam or Muslims in the past or present and achieve a better explanation of these economic thoughts? Economic belief, economic ethics and economic jurisprudence are considered as pillars in Islamic economic thought. In this ...
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How can we have a better understanding of the content of the economic thought of Islam or Muslims in the past or present and achieve a better explanation of these economic thoughts? Economic belief, economic ethics and economic jurisprudence are considered as pillars in Islamic economic thought. In this article, while briefly describing these three fields, their six dealings are identified and the effects of each of them on the other are theorized in the core of the realities of the individual, society and government. The multiplicity of subjects in each of the three theories and the six dealings (concepts), within the three forms of Islam of Truth, Realizing Islam in the view of scholars and Realizing Islam (Realized Islam) in the practice of Muslims and Realizing Islam (Realized Islam) in the practice of statesmen has led to the present theoretical inquiry to explain thought and be flexible in producing ideas. The critical and liberating aspect of it is in the power of putting distance between the current situation of Muslims and the desired situation of Islam. In this way, identifying the desirable and ideal peaks (degrees) in Islam of Truth and noumenal (essential) religion, remains a kind of construction of “pure concepts” that help us in research studies and beyond that, helps in executive policy-making and designing the desired economic system, so that the researcher or policy-maker knows what to look for in each knowledge theory and the six dealings (concepts)? And what influences and be affected can be expected?
mahdi sadeghi Shahdani; mohammad Ghaffarifard; mahdi safdari
Abstract
The distribution of banks’ resources in the interest-free banking system (without usury) is done through banking facilities (financial assistance programs), and efficient financial markets are among the important procedures in the procedure of economic growth. According to economists, without an ...
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The distribution of banks’ resources in the interest-free banking system (without usury) is done through banking facilities (financial assistance programs), and efficient financial markets are among the important procedures in the procedure of economic growth. According to economists, without an effective and efficient financial sector, financial development and subsequent economic growth cannot be achieved. Therefore, studying the complementary role of the financial market and the bank is the most appropriate way to examine the relationship between financial development and economic growth in economic growth and development. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to explain the effect of Islamic financial development on the economic growth of Iranian provinces. In order to analyze the data, the econometric method of panel data (Panel Data) has been analyzed using the Eviews9 software environment. The results indicate that Islamic financial development in the long term has a positive and significant effect on the economic growth of the provinces. The results of the coefficient of variables of the ratio of distribution of bank facilities (financial assistance programs) to GDP (Qarz al-Hasna “Arabic: القرض الحسن , benevolent lending”, partnership and exchange) are also positive and significant. The increasing of the ratio of granting exchange facilities to GDP, according to the estimated coefficient of variables, has a positive and stronger effect than participatory facilities on the economic growth of the provinces. Therefore, the policymakers of the country’s financial system must pay close attention to the types of exchange contracts in the country’s financial system for economic booms (prosperity).
Sayyed Sadiq Tabatabaei Nejad; Marzieh Sadat Mousavi
Abstract
Financial markets with an influential role are divided into debt market and stock market based on the nature of the financial rights exchanged in it. These two markets with the derivatives market form the main pillars of the conventional capital market, which is responsible for medium and long-term financing ...
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Financial markets with an influential role are divided into debt market and stock market based on the nature of the financial rights exchanged in it. These two markets with the derivatives market form the main pillars of the conventional capital market, which is responsible for medium and long-term financing of the private and public sectors, along with profitability for investors. In new financial engineering for direct financing, activation of fixed assets (long-lived assets, tangible assets or property, plant and equipment (PP&E)), increase of liquidity, increase of maneuverability of enterprises and implementation of fiscal and monetary policies of governments to achieve economic stability and growth, market for issuance (distributing) and exchange of bond (finance) according to expected changes of Interest rates are designed. Before Islamizing the instruments used in this market and introducing sukuk (Arabic: صکوک , romanized: ṣukūk; plural of Arabic: صک , romanized: ṣakk, lit. 'legal instrument, deed, cheque, financial certificates), not only as an imitation tool and an Islamized version of bonds, but also a Sharia-compliant initiative is needed to change the financing structure in order to analyze the creation of a centralized institution for the secondary exchange of sukuk and debt-based securities according to the frameworks and rules of Sharia. In this article, which has been done in a library method with reference to Sunni and Shiite jurisprudential sources, the hypothesis of permission to form a debt market has been researched, and by examining the rules and conditions of the contracts on which sukuk is formed, it can be said that from the perspective of secondary exchanges and debt sale (recoupment, bay' al-dayn) as the basis for the creation and development of the debt market, it is concluded that the creation and development of the market in order to exchange sukuk and debt documents in the secondary market, except in some cases, is correct and permissible.
Mahdi Madadi
Abstract
One of the constant strategies of the elected governments after the revolution in the face of currency crises has been to choose the preferential exchange rate and distribute the currency at imperative (imposed) prices. Imposed (imperative) control of exchange rate is economically and legally feasible; ...
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One of the constant strategies of the elected governments after the revolution in the face of currency crises has been to choose the preferential exchange rate and distribute the currency at imperative (imposed) prices. Imposed (imperative) control of exchange rate is economically and legally feasible; from an “economic” point of view, such a decision is clearly contrary to the economic principles and economic system desirable for Iran’s economic structure, because according to economic teachings, the ideal currency system for structures similar to Iran’s economic structure is “managed floating exchange system” and from an economic point of view, “fixed exchange rate system” is nothing but wasting currency and distributing rents and increasing structural corruption. The country’s foreign exchange system through the economic reflections and from a “legal” perspective, in accordance with Article 20 of the Law on Permanent Provisions of Development is a “managed floating foreign exchange system”, so choosing a fixed exchange rate system and allocating foreign exchange at a preferential rate can be considered a violation of the law, which can be the source of “civil liability arising from illegal regulations” and hold the government accountable for damages resulting from illegal decisions. According to these analyzes, it seems that the method of imperative controlling the price of foreign exchange (currency), even in order to prevent price increases, is both from a legal and economic point of view and is doomed to failure.
Sayyed Morteza Honarmand
Abstract
The economic verses of the Holy Qur'an, the subject of which is generally wealth, like other verses, have a goal, end and purpose that pursues the serious willed of God Almighty. The goal of a faithful life is the achievement of worldly and otherworldly happiness (eudaemonia) and one of the areas related ...
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The economic verses of the Holy Qur'an, the subject of which is generally wealth, like other verses, have a goal, end and purpose that pursues the serious willed of God Almighty. The goal of a faithful life is the achievement of worldly and otherworldly happiness (eudaemonia) and one of the areas related to this faithful life is economic affairs that must be formed in order to achieve happiness. Economic verses of the Holy Quran are one of the available sources for achieving such happiness in the economic dimension. Understanding and finding the ends of economic verses like other verses in this direction helps and facilitates such a way. In this article, by referring to the economic verses of the Qur'an and by ijtihad method (descriptive-analytical) and citing the text of the verse and its accessories (essential concomitants), ends such as changing economic attitudes, explaining economic rights, economic principles and rules and explaining the value system in Islamic economics that the economic verse followed it has been extracted and explained.
